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Trace: • Adyar Library MS 555 • Critical Edition of Wilhelm Rau (kārikās only) • TEI tagging • Edition of Raghunātha Śarmā • Critical Edition of K. A. Subramania Iyer • Bhandarkar Oriental Institute MS 109 of 1881-82 • Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute (Alwar branch) MS 4781 • Sarasvati Bhavan Library MS 38824

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wiki:orthography [2019/08/21 18:44] – [Orthography] chuckwiki:orthography [2023/03/15 04:22] (current) – chuck
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 In order to filter out orthographic variants, regular expressions are used to normalize the text. Some of these filters may overlap; if a portion of text matches more than one filter, only one filter is applied. Filters are applied in the order that they appear. In order to filter out orthographic variants, regular expressions are used to normalize the text. Some of these filters may overlap; if a portion of text matches more than one filter, only one filter is applied. Filters are applied in the order that they appear.
 +
 +Some regular expressions may coincide with sandhi rules described in the //Aṣṭādhyāyī//, although, in practice, they may not reproduce the sandhi rules exactly.
  
 Examples are given to show how the text is normalized; counterexamples are exceptions which are not normalized. Examples are given to show how the text is normalized; counterexamples are exceptions which are not normalized.
 +
 +Normalized spellings may not represent what is generally considered to be "correct" Sanskrit; however, they do reflect orthographic practices as attested in manuscripts. 
  
 === geminated t === === geminated t ===
 <code pcre>/(?<=[rṛṙi]|pa)tt|tt(?=[rvy]\S)/t/</code>  <code pcre>/(?<=[rṛṙi]|pa)tt|tt(?=[rvy]\S)/t/</code> 
  
- * replaces tt(h) after consonantal/vocalic r, i, and pa with t; replaces tt(h) preceding r, v, or y within a word with t + * replaces -tt(h)- after consonantal/vocalic r, i, and pa with -t-; replaces -tt(h)- preceding r, v, or y within a word with -t- 
- * examples: arttha => artha, saṃskṛtta => saṃskṛta, prākritta => prākrita, tattvam => tatvam, pattram => patram + 
- * counterexamples: atty annam (source: [[http://www.sanskrit-linguistics.org/dcs/index.php?contents=texte&PhraseID=461691|DCS]]) + * __examples__ 
 + * arttha => artha 
 + * saṃskṛtta => saṃskṛta 
 + * prākritta => prākrita 
 + * tattvam => tatvam 
 + * pattram => patram 
 + * __counterexamples__ 
 + * atty annam (source: [[http://www.sanskrit-linguistics.org/dcs/index.php?contents=texte&PhraseID=461691|DCS]]) 
  
 === geminated consonants after r === === geminated consonants after r ===
-<code pcre>/(?<=[rṛṙ]|[rṛ]\s)(]kgcjṭḍṇdnpbmyvl)\1/\1/</code>+<code pcre>/(?<=[rṛṙ]|[rṛ]\s)([kgcjṭḍṇdnpbmyvl])\1/\1/</code>
  
- * replaces doubled consonants (excluding t) after consonantal/vocalic r with a single consonant + * replaces doubled consonants (excluding t) after consonantal/vocalic r with a single consonant (Cf. [[https://www.sanskritdictionary.com/panini/8-4-46|Aṣṭādhyāyī 8.4.46]]) 
- * examples: arddha => ardha, dharmma => dharma, pṛcchati => pṛchati+ 
 + * __examples__ 
 + * arddha => ardha 
 + * dharmma => dharma 
 + * pṛcchati => pṛchati
  
 === geminated aspirated consonants === === geminated aspirated consonants ===
 <code pcre>/([jtṭd])\1(?=h)/\1/</code> <code pcre>/([jtṭd])\1(?=h)/\1/</code>
  
- * replaces jjh, tth, ṭṭh, and ddh with jh, th, ṭh, and dh respectively + * replaces -jjh-, -tth-, -ṭṭh-, and -ddh- with -jh-, -th-, -ṭh-, and -dh- respectively (Cf. [[https://www.sanskritdictionary.com/panini/8-4-47|Aṣṭādhyāyī 8.4.47]]) 
- * examples: attha => atha, daddhi => dadhi+ 
 + * __examples__ 
 + * attha => atha 
 + *daddhi => dadhi
  
 === final nasal variants === === final nasal variants ===
 <code pcre>/(?:ṃ[lśs]|nn)(?!\S)/n/</code> <code pcre>/(?:ṃ[lśs]|nn)(?!\S)/n/</code>
  
- * replaces -ṃl, -ṃś, -ṃs, and -nn with -n + * replaces final -ṃl, -ṃś, -ṃs, and -nn with -n (Cf. [[https://www.sanskritdictionary.com/panini/8-3-7|Aṣṭādhyāyī 8.3.7]], etc.) 
- * examples: gacchaṃs tu => gacchan tu, puruṣānn eva => puruṣān eva + 
- * counterexamples: aṃśa, annam+ * __examples__  
 + * gacchaṃs tu => gacchan tu 
 + * puruṣānn atti => puruṣān atti 
 + 
 +=== internal nasal variants === 
 +<code pcre>/[mnñṇṅ](?=[pbmdtnṭḍcjkg])/ṃ/</code> 
 + 
 + * replaces nasals preceding certain consonants with an anusvāra (this regular expression is the opposite of rule [[https://www.sanskritdictionary.com/panini/8-4-58|Aṣṭādhyāyī 8.4.58]], as to be more efficient) 
 + 
 + * __examples__ 
 + * nandita => naṃdita 
 + * yuñjati => yuṃjati 
 + 
 +==== Script/scribe specific filters ==== 
 + 
 +Some normalization filters require a tag in your TEI header, because they only apply to certain scripts or specific scribal practices. When these filters are activated, they will only apply to those transcriptions which have the corresponding tag. 
 + 
 +=== pṛṣṭhamātrā vowels === 
 +<code pcre>/ê/e/ /î/i/ /ô/o/ /û/u/</code> 
 + 
 +In transcriptions of Devanāgarī sources, pṛṣṭhamātrā vowels are transcribed as ê, aî, ô, and aû (see [[wiki:transcription|Transcription conventions]]). 
 + 
 + * These filters require ''@mainLang="sa-Deva"'' in the ''<textLang>'' tag. 
 + 
 +=== valapalagilaka === 
 +<code pcre>/ṙ/r/</code> 
 + 
 +In transcriptions of Telugu sources, the valapalagilaka reph is transcribed as ṙ (see [[wiki:transcription|Transcription conventions]]). 
 + 
 + * This filter requires ''@mainLang="sa-Telu"'' in the ''<textLang>'' tag. 
 + 
 +=== ṭh written as ṭ === 
 +<code pcre>/ṭh/ṭ/</code> 
 + 
 +In some Devanāgarī manuscripts, it is common for ṭh to be written as ṭ. 
 + 
 + * This filter requires a ''<scriptNote>'' tag with the ''@xml:id="script-ṭha-ṭa"''. 
 + 
 +=== b written as v === 
 +<code pcre>/b(?!h)/v/</code> 
 + 
 +In some scripts, b is not distinguished from v. 
 + 
 + * This filter requires a ''<scriptNote>'' tag with the ''@xml:id="script-ba-va"''. 
 + 
 +=== dbh written as bhd === 
 +<code pcre>/bh(\s?)d(?!h)/d\1bh/</code> 
 + 
 +In some Devanāgarī manuscripts, the conjunct dbh is written as bhd. 
 + 
 + * This filter requires a ''<scriptNote>'' tag with the ''@xml:id="script-dbha-bhda"''.

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